Recent Advancements in Ullmann Reaction

Recent Advancements in Speech Enhancement

Speech enhancement is a long standing problem with numerous applications ranging from hearing aids, to coding and automatic recognition of speech signals. In this survey paper we focus on enhancement from a single microphone, and assume that the noise is additive and statistically independent of the signal. We present the principles that guide researchers working in this area, and provide a det...

Recent Advancements in Digital Forensics

The mechanism of the modified Ullmann reaction.

The copper-mediated aromatic nucleophilic substitution reactions developed by Fritz Ullmann and Irma Goldberg required stoichiometric amounts of copper and very high reaction temperatures. Recently, it was found that addition of relatively cheap ligands (diamines, aminoalcohols, diketones, diols) made these reactions truly catalytic, with catalyst amounts as low as 1 mol% or even lower. Since t...

Recent Situtation and Future Advancements

50 years are an extended epoch to consider for developments in epileptology. Th erefore only a selection of important milestones can be covered with regard to available space. After looking back to the past current activities and important aspects for future research will be discussed. Concerning epidemiology one of the fi rst important studies investigated the role of precipitation of epilepti...

Recent advancements in the economic assessment

Climate change is unique among the consequences of fossil fuel burning in its far reaching impact, both spatially and temporally. Earlier studies estimate the aggregated monetized damage due to climate change at 1.5 to 2.0% of world GDP (for 2 x CO2); the OECD would lose 1.0 to 1.5% of GDP; the developing countries 2.0 to 9.0%, according to these estimates. These figures are not comprehensive a...